BLOOD VESSELS

Endothelium is a:

A) Simple columnar epithelium

B) Stratified squamous epithelium

C) Transitional epithelium

D) Simple squamous epithelium

E) None of the preceding.

A thrombus (blood clot) in the first branch of the aortic arch would affect the flow of blood to

A) Left side of the head and neck

B) Myocardium of the heart

C) Left shoulder and arm

D) Superior surface of the diaphragm

E) Right side of the head, neck, right shoulder and right arm.

Fenestrated capillaries are found in:

A) Renal glomeruli (kidney)

B) Intestinal villi

C) Endocrine glands

D) all of the preceding

E) None of the preceding

All arteries in the body carry oxygen-rich blood with the exception of:

A) The hepatic arteries

B) The pulmonary arteries

C) The pulmonary arteries

D) The renal arteries

E) The coronary arteries.

In the fetus, partially oxygenated blood is shunted from the through the foremen ovale.

A) Left atrium to right atrium

B) Right atrium to right ventricle

C) Right ventricle to left ventricle

D) Right atrium to left atrium

E) Left atrium to left ventricle.

Which of the following fetal structures contains the most oxygen-rich blood?

A) Left atrium

B) Umbilical arteries

C) Foramen oval

D) Umbilical vein

E) Right atrium.

Which of the following structures does not drain directly into the inferior vena cave?

A) Hepatic veins

B) Renal veins

C) Inferior mesenteric vein

D) Common iliac veins

E) Right gonadal vein.

During pulmonary circulation, blood leaves the

A) Right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta.

B) Left ventricle and moves to the lungs.

C) Right atrium and goes directly to the lungs.

D) Right ventricle and moves to the lungs.

E) right atrium and goes directly to the left ventricle

During systemic circulation, blood leaves the

A) Left ventricle and goes directly to the aorta.

B) Right ventricle and moves to the lungs.

C) Right atrium and goes directly to the lungs.

D) Right ventricle and goes directly to the aorta.

E) Lungs and moves to the left atrium

The coronary arteries arise from the

A) Inferior vena cava.

B) Superior vena cava.

C) Right atrium.

D) Pulmonary trunk.

The endothelium is composed of

A) Simple squamous epithelium.

B) Simple columnar epithelium.

C) Simple cuboidal epithelium.

D) Tunica media muscle cells.

E) Stratified squamous epithelium.

The inferior vena cava brings blood from the lower regions of the body and empties into the

A) Left atrium.

B) right atrium

C) Left ventricle.

D) Right ventricle.

Which is the correct sequence of layers in the vessel wall from outside to inside?

A) It varies from vessel to vessel.

B) Tunica media, tunica interna, tunica externa

C) Tunica interna, tunica externa, tunica media

D) Tunica internal, tunica external, tunica media

E) Tunica external, tunica media, tunica internal

Which of the following is the major force generating blood flow?

A) Pumping action of the heart

B) Peripheral resistance

C) Blood vessel diameter

D) Total blood vessel length

E) Blood viscosity

The major long-term mechanism of blood pressure control is provided by the

A) Kidneys.

B) Paravertebral ganglia.

C) The heart.

D) The digestive tract.

E) The lungs.

Blood enters the myocardium of the heart by coronary vessels that originate from the

A) The pulmonary artery.

B) The inside of the ventricles.

C) The pulmonary veins.

D) Aorta.

E) The superior vena cava.

Exchange of gases and nutrients occurs by diffusion between the

A) Artery walls and tissue cells.

B) Arterioles and venules.

C) Arterioles and tissue cells.

D) Arteries and veins.

E) Capillaries and tissue cells.

Any condition in which blood vessels are inadequately filled and blood cannot circulate normally is called

A) Varicose veins.

B) Circulatory shock.

C) Arteriosclerosis.

D) Atherosclerosis.

E) Hypertension.

Which of the following regulates blood flow at the entrance to each true capillary?

A) Valves

B) Lymph nodes

C) Precapillary sphincter

D) Tunica internal

E) Tunica external

Loss of vasomotor tone resulting in a huge drop in peripheral resistance is known as

A) Atherosclerosis.

B) Hypertension.

C) Vascular shock.

D) Varicose veins.

E) Vasoconstriction.

Which of the following arteries branches to form the common hepatic artery, left gastric artery, and splenic artery?

A) Descending aorta

B) Inferior mesenteric artery

C) Superior mesenteric artery

D) Celiac trunk

E) Gonadal arteries

Which of the following veins is the longest in the body?

A) Great saphenous vein

B) Femoral vein

C) Superior vena cava

D) Hepatic portal vein

E) Inferior vena cava