Define Le Chatelier’s principle.
What is meant by a stress? What are some of the ways an equilibrium can be stressed?
Given this equilibrium, predict the direction of shift for each stress.
H2(g) + I2(s) + 53 kJ ⇄ 2 HI(g)
a) decreased temperature
b) increased pressure
c) removal of HI
4. Given this equilibrium, predict the direction of shift for each stress.
H2(g) + F2(g) ⇄ 2 HF(g) + 546 kJ
a) increased temperature
b) addition of H2
c) decreased pressure
5. Given this equilibrium, predict the direction of shift for each stress.
2 SO2(g) + O2(g) ⇄ 2 SO3(g) + 196 kJ
a) removal of SO3
b) addition of O2
c) decreased temperature
6. Given this equilibrium, predict the direction of shift for each stress listed.
CO2(g) + C(s) + 171 kJ ⇄ 2 CO(g)
a) addition of CO
b) increased pressure
c) addition of a catalyst
7. The synthesis of NH3 uses this chemical reaction.
N2(g) + 3 H2(g) ⇄ 2 NH3(g) + 92 kJ
Identify three stresses that can be imposed on the equilibrium to maximize the amount of NH3.
8. The synthesis of CaCO3 uses this chemical reaction.
CaO(s) + CO2(g) ⇄ CaCO3(s) + 180 kJ
Identify three stresses that can be imposed on the equilibrium to maximize the amount of CaCO3.
Answers
1.
When an equilibrium is stressed, the equilibrium shifts to minimize that stress.
3.
toward reactants
toward reactants
toward products
5.
toward products
toward products
toward products
7.
increased pressure, decreased temperature, removal of NH3
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