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1
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Which of the following is a difference between a food chain and a food web? |
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| A) |
Food chains involve only plants, while food webs involve animals. | |||
| B) |
Food chains involve only plants, while food webs involve both plants and animals. | |||
| C) |
Food chains involve plants and animals, but food webs involve only animals. | |||
| D) |
Food chains are linear and food webs are complex. | |||
| E) |
Food chains include decomposers, but food webs do not. | |||
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2
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The carnivores are classified as secondary consumers because they eat |
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| A) |
more than one species of herbivore. | |||
| B) |
herbivores or other carnivores. | |||
| C) |
herbivores. | |||
| D) |
so often. | |||
| E) |
both a and d | |||
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3
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The vast majority of energy taken into an ecosystem is |
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| A) |
converted into biomass by plants. | |||
| B) |
utilized by secondary consumers. | |||
| C) |
lost as heat. | |||
| D) |
used by the primary consumers. | |||
| E) |
concentrated in the decomposers. | |||
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4
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Although the biomass of a rain forest is much greater than the biomass of a cornfield |
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| A) |
the number of primary consumers in the cornfield exceeds those in the rain forest. | |||
| B) |
the rain forest’s net primary productivity is much lower in relation to its biomass. | |||
| C) |
the cornfield is a more stable ecosystem. | |||
| D) |
the cornfield cannot survive without nutritional supplementation. | |||
| E) |
none of the above is true. | |||
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5
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Carbon captured from the atmosphere by photosynthesis can only return through respiration. |
|||
| A) |
true | |||
| B) |
false | |||
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6
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Plants represent the most plentiful source of carbon in the ecosystem. |
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| A) |
true | |||
| B) |
false | |||
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7
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Plant growth is most likely to be limited by scarcity of __________ in the environment. |
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| A) |
sulfur | |||
| B) |
nitrogen | |||
| C) |
phosphorus | |||
| D) |
carbon | |||
| E) |
both b and c | |||
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8
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The sun drives circulation of the atmosphere. |
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| A) |
true | |||
| B) |
false | |||
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9
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The major atmospheric circulation patterns result from the interactions between six large air masses. |
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| A) |
true | |||
| B) |
false | |||
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10
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A rain shadow is likely to develop |
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| A) |
in almost any very hot climate. | |||
| B) |
at elevations exceeding 4,500 ft. | |||
| C) |
on the leeward side of a mountain. | |||
| D) |
on the north slope of a mountain. | |||
| E) |
near the equator. | |||
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11
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Scarce nutrients |
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| A) |
eutrophic lakes | |||
| B) |
oligotrophic lakes | |||
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12
|
Abundant organic matter |
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| A) |
eutrophic lakes | |||
| B) |
oligotrophic lakes | |||
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13
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Little oxygen in summer |
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| A) |
eutrophic lakes | |||
| B) |
oligotrophic lakes | |||
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14
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Deep waters rich in oxygen |
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| A) |
eutrophic lakes | |||
| B) |
oligotrophic lakes | |||
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15
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Ecology is the study of |
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| A) |
how organisms interact with their environment. | |||
| B) |
where we live. | |||
| C) |
how organisms interact with each other. | |||
| D) |
the different environments in the world. | |||
| E) |
all of the above | |||
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16
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A variety of different bacteria and yeasts live on human skin. Together they are considered to be a(n) |
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| A) |
ecosystem. | |||
| B) |
population. | |||
| C) |
community. | |||
| D) |
trophic level. | |||
| E) |
biome. | |||
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17
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Photosynthetic bacteria are in trophic level |
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| A) |
1. | |||
| B) |
2. | |||
| C) |
3. | |||
| D) |
all of the above | |||
| E) |
none of the above | |||
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18
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Molds that break down leaves and other dead organic material on the forest floor are in trophic level |
|||
| A) |
1. | |||
| B) |
2. | |||
| C) |
3. | |||
| D) |
all of the above | |||
| E) |
none of the above | |||
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19
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A lion that feeds on zebras is in trophic level |
|||
| A) |
1. | |||
| B) |
2. | |||
| C) |
3. | |||
| D) |
all of the above | |||
| E) |
none of the above | |||
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20
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The primary consumers of ecosystems are |
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| A) |
herbivores. | |||
| B) |
carnivores. | |||
| C) |
omnivores. | |||
| D) |
the insects. | |||
| E) |
both a and d | |||
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21
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Primary productivity refers to the |
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| A) |
rate of photosynthesis in plants and photosynthetic bacteria as compared to the rate of plant consumption by herbivores. | |||
| B) |
total amount of light energy converted to organic compounds in a given area per unit time. | |||
| C) |
rate of decomposition by the detritivores. | |||
| D) |
total biomass of the photosynthetic organisms in the ecosystem. | |||
| E) |
none of the above | |||
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22
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In the earth’s ecosystems, energy |
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| A) |
is recycled and is never really lost. | |||
| B) |
flows from producers to consumers and back to producers. | |||
| C) |
flows in one direction, from producers to consumers. | |||
| D) |
is produced at all trophic levels. | |||
| E) |
both a and d | |||
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23
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A consequence of cutting down forests is |
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| A) |
that water is no longer returned to the atmosphere over the area of the forest. | |||
| B) |
the loss of animal habitats. | |||
| C) |
the production of high-quality agricultural land. | |||
| D) |
all of the above | |||
| E) |
both a and b | |||
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24
|
Burning wood |
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| A) |
releases oxygen into the atmosphere. | |||
| B) |
consumes carbon dioxide. | |||
| C) |
destroys the carbon that was in the wood. | |||
| D) |
releases carbon into the atmosphere. | |||
| E) |
releases nitrogen into the atmosphere. | |||
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25
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Nitrogen fixation is accomplished by |
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| A) |
bacteria in the atmosphere. | |||
| B) |
bacteria in the soil and in plant root nodules. | |||
| C) |
plants. | |||
| D) |
the fungi. | |||
| E) |
all of the above | |||
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26
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Why did their corn grow better when Native Americans added a fish to the soil at planting time? |
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| A) |
The fish added carbon to the soil. | |||
| B) |
The fish added “fixed” nitrogen to the soil. | |||
| C) |
The fish added phosphorus and sulfur to the soil. | |||
| D) |
The fish provided the vitamins that the young plant required. | |||
| E) |
all of the above | |||
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27
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Pollution of lakes by commercial detergents that contain phosphates |
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| A) |
kills the bacteria there and causes a breakdown in the food chain. | |||
| B) |
encourages the growth of bacteria and an increase in the fish population. | |||
| C) |
encourages the growth of algae, which leads to the suffocation of fish and other animals. | |||
| D) |
raises the pH. | |||
| E) |
lowers the pH. | |||
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28
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Ocean currents are determined by |
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| A) |
proximity to land. | |||
| B) |
underwater geography. | |||
| C) |
atmospheric circulation. | |||
| D) |
the season. | |||
| E) |
none of the above | |||
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29
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Deep sea waters below 300 meters |
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| A) |
harbor a rich variety of life, including the red algae. | |||
| B) |
are rich in photoplankton. | |||
| C) |
consist mostly of plant life. | |||
| D) |
harbor limited kinds of life, some of which are very strange. | |||
| E) |
both b and c | |||
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30
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Oligotrophic lakes are |
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| A) |
only found at high latitudes. | |||
| B) |
saltwater lakes. | |||
| C) |
rich in organic matter and nutrients. | |||
| D) |
scarce in organic matter and nutrients. | |||
| E) |
rich in plant life. | |||
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