| Which is not a characteristic of viruses? | ||||
| A) |
Viruses contain DNA or RNA but never both. | |||
| B) |
Viruses are obligate intracellular parasites. | |||
| C) |
Viruses are active both inside and outside of host cells. | |||
| D) |
Viruses can infect bacteria, protozoa, fungi, algae, plants, and animals. | |||
| E) |
Viruses exhibit high specificity for their respective host. | |||
|
2
|
The main criteria used to group viruses are structure, chemical composition, and what other characteristic? |
|||
| A) |
Type of capsid | |||
| B) |
Overall viral size | |||
| C) |
Area of host cell in which the virus multiplies | |||
| D) |
Similarities in genetic makeup | |||
| E) |
Presence and type of envelope | |||
|
3
|
The combination of a viral nucleic acid plus the viral capsid is known as what? |
|||
| A) |
Capsomers | |||
| B) |
Envelope | |||
| C) |
Phage | |||
| D) |
Nucleocapsid | |||
| E) |
Prophage | |||
|
4
|
An enveloped virus may acquire its envelope from all but which of the following? |
|||
| A) |
Nuclear envelope | |||
| B) |
Golgi apparatus | |||
| C) |
Endoplasmic reticulum | |||
| D) |
Cell membrane | |||
| E) |
Cytoplasmic membrane | |||
|
5
|
Molecules that protrude from the viral envelope and which are essential for attachment are known as what? |
|||
| A) |
Prophage | |||
| B) |
Extrusions | |||
| C) |
Prions | |||
| D) |
Plaques | |||
| E) |
Spikes | |||
|
6
|
The viral envelope performs all but which of the following functions? |
|||
| A) |
Neutralization of the virus | |||
| B) |
Protection of the viral nucleic acid | |||
| C) |
Binding to the host cell surface | |||
| D) |
Assisting in penetration of the viral nucleic acid | |||
| E) |
Stimulation of the host immune response | |||
|
7
|
What type of virus has a polyhedral head, a helical tail, and fibers for host cell attachment? |
|||
| A) |
Helical | |||
| B) |
Bacteriophages | |||
| C) |
Icosahedral | |||
| D) |
Enveloped | |||
| E) |
Naked | |||
|
8
|
Collectively, viruses can contain all but what type of nucleic acid? |
|||
| A) |
Double-stranded DNA | |||
| B) |
Double-stranded RNA | |||
| C) |
Double-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid | |||
| D) |
Single-stranded DNA | |||
| E) |
Single-stranded RNA | |||
|
9
|
At the very minimum, a virus must carry genes for all but which of the following functions? |
|||
| A) |
Mature virus packaging | |||
| B) |
Transcription of RNA to DNA | |||
| C) |
Viral capsid synthesis | |||
| D) |
Host regulation | |||
| E) |
Synthesis of viral genetic material | |||
|
10
|
The viral multiplication cycle dictates all of the following properties except which? |
|||
| A) |
Virus infection control measures | |||
| B) |
Immune response of the host | |||
| C) |
Viral mode of transmission | |||
| D) |
Viral pathogenicity | |||
| E) |
Host cell type | |||
|
11
|
What step in the viral multiplication cycle is defined as the copying and expression of the viral genome by the host’s synthetic equipment? |
|||
| A) |
Adsorption | |||
| B) |
Penetration | |||
| C) |
Replication | |||
| D) |
Assembly and maturation | |||
| E) |
Release | |||
|
12
|
What is the definition of the eclipse phase? |
|||
| A) |
When the virus is developing but not yet infectious | |||
| B) |
When a virus matures and is capable of infecting a new host | |||
| C) |
When the active, infectious viral particle escapes from the host | |||
| D) |
When the viral DNA becomes latent as a prophage | |||
| E) |
When the virion enters the host cell | |||
|
13
|
Most bacteriophages contain what type of nucleic acid? |
|||
| A) |
Double-stranded DNA | |||
| B) |
Double-stranded RNA | |||
| C) |
Double-stranded DNA/RNA hybrid | |||
| D) |
Single-stranded DNA | |||
| E) |
Single-stranded RNA | |||
|
14
|
Adsorption of the bacteriophage occurs when molecules on the tail fibers bind to what component on the host cell? |
|||
| A) |
Capsomers | |||
| B) |
Nucleocapsid | |||
| C) |
Nucleus | |||
| D) |
Cell membrane | |||
| E) |
Receptors | |||
|
15
|
During bacteriophage replication, proteins are synthesized which perform all but which function? |
|||
| A) |
Enzymes for viral nucleic acid replication | |||
| B) |
Make up the viral capsid head and parts of the tail | |||
| C) |
Protect the virus from destruction by the host cell | |||
| D) |
Enzymes that weaken the bacterial cell wall | |||
| E) |
Proteins to repair the hole in the cell wall made during host cell entry | |||
|
16
|
The condition in which the host cell chromosome carries bacteriophage DNA is known as what? |
|||
| A) |
Temperate | |||
| B) |
Prophage | |||
| C) |
Lysis | |||
| D) |
Lysogeny | |||
| E) |
Mutation | |||
|
17
|
The membrane receptors that animal viruses typically attach to are actually what? |
|||
| A) |
Virions | |||
| B) |
Glycoproteins | |||
| C) |
Capsids | |||
| D) |
Lipopolysaccharides | |||
| E) |
Cell walls | |||
|
18
|
The limitation in the scope of hosts an animal virus can infect is known as what? |
|||
| A) |
Tropism | |||
| B) |
Host range | |||
| C) |
Adsorption | |||
| D) |
Latency | |||
| E) |
Exocytosis | |||
|
19
|
What does the nucleic acid of an animal virus do immediately upon entry into the host cell? |
|||
| A) |
It duplicates itself. | |||
| B) |
It becomes uncoated. | |||
| C) |
It alters the genetic expression of the host and instructs it to synthesize building blocks for new viruses. | |||
| D) |
It causes the host cell to round up and produce inclusion bodies in the cytoplasm. | |||
| E) |
It causes the host cell to enlarge and form multinucleated giant cells. | |||
|
20
|
Virus-induced damage to a cell that alters its microscopic appearance is known as what? |
|||
| A) |
Lysis | |||
| B) |
Lysogeny | |||
| C) |
Chronic damage | |||
| D) |
Persistent damage | |||
| E) |
Cytopathic effects | |||
|
21
|
Oncoviruses cause transformed cells to exhibit all but which of the following? |
|||
| A) |
Increased rate of growth | |||
| B) |
Alterations in chromosomes | |||
| C) |
Changes in the cell’s surface molecules | |||
| D) |
Production of reverse transcriptase | |||
| E) |
Capacity to divide for an indefinite period | |||
|
22
|
What is viewed as a nearly perfect system for viral propagation? |
|||
| A) |
Bird embryos | |||
| B) |
White mice | |||
| C) |
Guinea pigs | |||
| D) |
Humans | |||
| E) |
White rabbits | |||
|
23
|
What defines a viral plaque? |
|||
| A) |
The sticky substance that accumulates on teeth | |||
| B) |
Cell cultures infected by a virus | |||
| C) |
Freshly isolated animal tissue placed in growth medium | |||
| D) |
A line of cells that can grow continuously | |||
| E) |
Clear, well-defined areas in a monolayer of cells | |||
|
24
|
Why do virologists believe viruses have been an important force in the evolution of living things? |
|||
| A) |
Because they interact with the genetic material of their host cells and they carry genes from one host to another. | |||
| B) |
Because they are the most common cause of acute infections that do not result in hospitalization. | |||
| C) |
Because some viruses are oncogenic. | |||
| D) |
Because viruses can serve as vehicles to treat infections and disease. | |||
| E) |
Because some viruses can cause pleasing effects in certain host cells. | |||
|
25
|
“Mad cow disease” is the result of infection of cattle with what agent? |
|||
| A) |
Bacteria | |||
| B) |
Viruses | |||
| C) |
Viroids | |||
| D) |
Prions | |||
| E) |
Delta agents | |||
4(a) what are your roles as citizen of Uganda? (b) Each and every individual in…
3(a) why do we political Eduction in the New Uganda curriculum? (b) Explain the roles…
2(a) Describe the creation story in relation to the origin of man. (b) Explain why…
Leave a Comment