Mineral Deficiency Diseases Assignment

1. A well-known effect of vitamin A (retinol) deficiency is night-blindness (nyctalopia), where the person finds it difficult to see in the dark or in dim light. It also leads to xerophthalmia, or the keratinisation (dryness) of the cornea and conjunctiva. In which part of the body are the cornea and conjunctiva found?
Nose
Eye
Ear
Throat


2. Marasmus and kwashiorkor are both diseases occurring in infants due to the deficiency of which nutrients?
Minerals
Water
Vitamins
Proteins


3. Haemoglobin is a protein present in our blood, and is responsible for carrying oxygen to all the parts of our body- a process absolutely vital for us to live. For the manufacture of haemoglobin, iron is required, and if the body’s iron requirements are not met, the content of haemoglobin in the blood gets reduced, as a result of which oxygen isn’t provided to the body-cells in a sufficient quantity to meet their metabolic needs. Because of the reduced haemoglobin count, the person feels tired, loses weight, does not have much of an appetite, and looks pale.

What is this condition, a result of reduced haemoglobin count in the blood, called?
Xerophthalmia
Tetanus
Anaemia
Beri-beri


4. Vitamin D or calciferol helps in the deposition of calcium and phosphate ions in the bones. When the diet is deficient in calciferol, however, there is an increased loss of calcium ions through urine, causing twisted and bent bones. In children, the bones become soft, and can be easily bent or deformed and are susceptible to getting fractured. What is this disease called?
Rickets
Pellagra
Diarrhoea
Marasmus


5. Dehydration, or the loss of water from the body, usually takes place when the person is in a hot, dry environment, suffers from severe hypoglycemia in diabetes, has nausea, or is infected with diseases like cholera and yellow fever, where diarrhoea (frequent loose motions) and vomiting takes place. In such cases, several litres of water may be lost- but it isn’t just water that’s lost- electrolytes such as halite are also lost, along with which sodium ions are also lost.

What is the chemical name of halite?
Sodium chloride (NaCl)
Sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3)
Sodium nitrate (NaNO3)


6. Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid- yet another essential component of our diets. It keeps teeth, gums and joints healthy, and also holds cells together and increases our body’s resistance to infection. A deficiency of vitamin C leads to bleeding and swollen gums, weight-loss, joint-pains, susceptibility to infection, and delayed wound-healing.

What is this condition called?
Kwashiorkor
Scurvy
Goitre
Anaemia


7. The deficiency of niacin, or nicotinic acid (vitamin B3) in one’s diet can cause several skin problems, including skin eczema (skin becoming red, flaky and dry) and swelling of gums and lips, along with frequent loose-motions, mental disturbance, and even death. The skin also becomes itchy and peels off, causing the accumulation of pigments in patches on the skin. A patient might even experience hallucinations and get disoriented, depressed and irritable.

What is this condition, a result of a lack of niacin in the diet, called?
Jaundice
Pellagra
Rickets
Tuberculosis


8. Iodine is needed in our diet in small quantities for the proper functioning of the thyroid gland, an endocrine gland just below the Adam’s Apple in the neck. The primary function of the thyroid gland is the secretion of hormones- one called ‘thyroxine’ in particular. Thyroxine plays a very important role in the control of the rate of oxidation of food to release energy, i.e. metabolism.

As a result of this dependency of the functioning of the thyroid gland on iodine, if there isn’t enough iodine in the diet, thyroxine is not produced in its required amount. This causes growth and mental disorders, and most noticeably, an abnormal swelling of the thyroid gland. What term is used to describe this condition where the thyroid gland gets enlarged as a result of iodine-deficiency?
Goitre
Anthrax
Malaria
Cholera


9. Vitamin B1 or thiamine (also spelt ‘thiamin’) is a water-soluble vitamin essential for growth, oxidation of carbohydrates to release energy (metabolism), and for the functioning of muscles, nerves and the heart. Which of the following diseases is caused by the deficiency of vitamin B1?
Kala-azar (leishmaniasis)
Rabies
Beri-beri
Dengue


10. In which of the following countries is the maximum proportion of deaths of children below the age of 5 years directly associated with malnutrition?
India
China
Thailand
Bolivia
Tumwine Edward

I am a God fearing Ugandan involved in the Digital Communications, Training and Platform development.

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Tumwine Edward
9 years ago

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