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Felsic and mafic are terms used by geologists to describe:
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A) |
composition of continental and oceanic crust. |
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B) |
behavior of earthquake waves. |
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C) |
the mechanical behavior of rocks. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 2 |
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The boundary that separates the crust from the mantle is called:
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A) |
the crust-mantle boundary. |
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B) |
the lithosphere. |
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C) |
the Moho. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 3 |
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The inner core is most likely composed of:
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A) |
silicon. |
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B) |
oxygen. |
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C) |
sulfur. |
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D) |
iron. |
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| 4 |
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The principle of continents being in buoyant equilibrium is known as:
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A) |
isostasy. |
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B) |
the principle of buoyant equilibrium. |
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C) |
the elastic rebound theory. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 5 |
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A positive gravity anomaly indicates:
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A) |
an excess of mass. |
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B) |
a deficiency in mass. |
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C) |
a reversal of the gravitational field. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 6 |
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Positive gravity anomalies are often associated with:
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A) |
deep ocean trenches |
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B) |
ore bodies beneath Earth’s surface. |
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C) |
large cavern systems beneath Earth’s surface |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 7 |
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A positive magnetic anomaly indicates:
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A) |
a body of magnetic ore. |
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B) |
an intrusion of gabbro. |
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C) |
mafic rock masses. |
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D) |
all of the above. |
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| 8 |
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Which of the following is not an example of isostasy?
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A) |
deep mountain roots. |
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B) |
crustal rebound. |
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C) |
ocean basins are deeper than continents. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 9 |
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The S-wave shadow zone is evidence that:
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A) |
the outer core is liquid. |
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B) |
the outer core is composed of iron and nickel oxides. |
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C) |
the inner core is solid. |
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D) |
it is very hot near the core. |
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| 10 |
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The physical evidence that the core is composed mostly of iron is:
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A) |
the known mass of Earth requires material of high density at the core. |
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B) |
scientists have sampled the core and determined its composition. |
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C) |
volcanoes regularly erupt material from the core to the surface. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 11 |
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The velocity of seismic waves varies through Earth because:
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A) |
temperature varies within the Earth. |
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B) |
density of rocks varies within the Earth. |
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C) |
the composition of rocks varies within the Earth. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 12 |
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Convection is likely occurring in:
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A) |
the mantle. |
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B) |
the outer core. |
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C) |
both the mantle and the outer core. |
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D) |
throughout the Earth. |
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| 13 |
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The interior composition and structure of Earth have been deduced in part from:
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A) |
studies of meteorites. |
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B) |
deep drilling projects. |
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C) |
analyses of the behavior of seismic waves. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 14 |
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Heat inside Earth:
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A) |
is generated by radioactive decay. |
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B) |
is uniform throughout the interior. |
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C) |
decreases with increasing depth. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 15 |
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The geothermal gradient in the crust averages:
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A) |
25 degrees Celsius per kilometer. |
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B) |
1 degree Celsius per kilometer. |
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C) |
10 degrees Celsius per kilometer. |
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D) |
100 degrees Celsius per kilometer. |
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| 16 |
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Heat flow to the surface of Earth:
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A) |
varies from place to place. |
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B) |
is highest in areas of active volcanism |
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C) |
is lowest in stable continental interiors. |
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D) |
all of these. |
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| 17 |
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The boundary between the crust and mantle:
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A) |
coincides with the boundary between the asthenosphere and lithosphere. |
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B) |
is marked by a change is velocity of seismic waves. |
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C) |
is the source of the S-wave shadow zone. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 18 |
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The largest portion of Earth’s volume is:
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A) |
the crust. |
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B) |
the mantle. |
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C) |
the inner core. |
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D) |
the outer core. |
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| 19 |
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The composition of the upper mantle is known because:
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A) |
samples of mantle rock have been analyzed by scientists. |
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B) |
meteorites are believed to be similar to the mantle. |
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C) |
some caves on Earth extend into the mantle. |
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D) |
none of these. |
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| 20 |
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The average thickness of the crust is:
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A) |
10-12 km. |
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B) |
30-50 km. |
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C) |
100-150 km. |
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D) |
1 km. |
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