FN/5: PROTEINS

Proteins are macromolecules formed by amino acids. Proteins are large size molecules (macromolecules), polymers of structural units called amino acids. A total of 20 different amino acids exist in proteins and hundreds to thousands of these amino acids are attached to each other in long chains to form a protein

Amino acids can be released from proteins by hydrolysis. (Hydrolysis is the cleavage of a covalent bond by addition of water in adequate conditions.)

Due to their large size, proteins obligatorily form colloids when they are dispersed in a suitable solvent. This property characteristically distinguishes proteins from solutions

Protein Structure

Proteins are linear heteropolymers of a fixed length. A linear chain of amino acids folds into a particular three-dimensional conformation determined by the sequence of the amino acids in the chain. This constitutes the primary or most basic level of protein structure. Proteins are generally self-folding due to forces such as hydrogen bonds, disulfide bridges, and salt bridges (ionic interactions between charged residues), as well as hydrophobic and hydrophilic interactions that cause it to bend, coil, or fold into a secondary structure such as the alpha helix and beta-pleated sheet. The same forces that cause the protein to fold into a secondary structure cause even further compactness in some structures, such as in globular proteins, giving rise to a tertiary protein structure. When a protein contains more than one polypeptide chain, the overall configuration of the unit gives rise to a quaternary structure.

Foods Rich in Proteins 

Seeds

They are low in calories and contain heart-healthy omega-3 fatty acids. Chia seeds are a complete source of protein that contains two grammes of protein and 5.5 grammes of fibre per tablespoon.
Chia seeds have become a popular food and they are not only easy to digest but are also a very versatile ingredient that you can easily add to any recipe. They can be added to soups, smoothies, yoghurt or soaking them in water.

Legumes
They include lentils, green peas, soy, chickpeas and beans. They are also good for digestive health and blood sugar balance since they contain large amounts of fibre and phytonutrients, including anti-inflammatory quercetin.
There are several varieties of bean including black, white, green, yellow and many others but one thing they all have in common is their high amounts of protein.

Fruits
Fruits such as guavas, avocados, blackberries, oranges, bananas, raspberries and peaches are good protein sources that also have a multitude of vitamins content to boost your immunity. “For example, apples are a lower potassium fruit that acts as a natural cleanser for the body.

Vegetables
Most dark-coloured, leafy greens and vegetables contain protein. Eaten alone, they are not enough to meet daily protein requirements, but a few vegetable snacks can increase protein intake, particularly when combined with other protein-rich foods. Broccoli, kale and mushrooms are good protein sources you can incorporate into your diet.

Watch the Video Below to learn more about proteins