PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

PARTICULATE NATURE OF MATTER

It states that matter is made up of tiny /small particles which are in a constant random motion

Defn: Matter is anything that occupies space and has weight

Examples of matter

water

air

soil

plants

etc

STATES OF MATTER 

There are basically three states of matter and these are

1. Solids
2. Liquids
3. Gases

PROPPERTIES OF SOLIDS
The molecules are closely packed together,

Their particles are not free to move from place to another but can vibrate along their mean positions

The cohesive forces between molecules are strong.

Molecules in solids are arranged in a regular pattern called lattice.

They have shape and size.

PROPERTIES OF LIQUID
The molecules in liquids are slightly further apart than in solids.

Particles are free to move about colliding with each other and with the walls of the container.

The cohesive force holding the molecules are weaker than in solids.

They have no definite shape but take up shape of the container.

PROPERTIES OF GASES
In gases the molecules are much further apart and free compared to those in liquids

Molecules of liquids are  free to move and they are in constant random motion moving with high speed as they collide with one another and with the walls of a container.

The cohesive force is much weaker in gas and can spread easily to occupy the whole volume of a container.

Gases lack definite shape and size.

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER

It states that matter is made up of small particles called atoms or molecules which are in a constant random /hapazard motion  or vibrations The molecules are in can sta rapid motion or vibration and the amplitude or the speed of the motion is directly proportional to temperature .

Kinetic theory can be evidenced / proved using

1. Brownian motion
2. Diffusion

BROWNIAN MOTION

Brownian motion is the hap hazards movement of molecules or it is the rapid movement of molecules in all directions.

The glass cell is filled with smoke using a smoldering straw and is covered with a thin glass lid. The glass cell is put under the microscope for observation as indicated in the diagram.

Observation

Bright specks of particles moving randomly and very fast are observed through the microscopes.

These are small particles which are strongly illuminated by the source of light. Particles are in constant motion because they are colliding with fast moving air particles.

Conclusion

The above experience proves that matter is made up of particles that are in constant random motion.

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ASSIGNMNET

1. State kinetic therory of matter
2. explain briefly an experiment to demonstrate brownian motion
3. what happens when the temperature of the smoke cell is increased

THE KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER IS EXPLAINED BETTER IN THIS VIDEO.