S.S.T/P/7: POLITICAL PARTIES

Political parties

A political party is an organization that coordinates candidates to compete in a particular country’s elections. It is common for the members of a party to hold similar ideas about politics, and parties may promote specific ideological or policy goals.

-Are groups of people who share the same ideas about how the country should be governed.

-It is a group of people aiming at taking over power and exercising it.

Roles of political parties:

–To nominate candidates to represent their belief.

-To conduct political campaigns.

-To monitor the work of the elected officials.

-To direct resources towards a common goal.

Multiparty system:

This is where there are more than one political party in a country competing for power.

Advantages of multiparty system:

-There is room to choose better leaders.

-It provides peaceful means of changing the government.

-It promotes respect for human rights.

-The ruling party tries to develop the country in fear of losing the elections.

-It develops government organs.

Disadvantages of multiparty system.

-It causes confusion, quarrels and conflicts.

-It leads to high chances of rigging elections.

-It leads to the killing, torture,and imprisonment of members of opposition.

-It leads to division among people.

-It increases favouritism and corruption.

-Decisions and programmes take long to be worked on.

-It increases injustice

-It leads to more election petitions.

Single party system:

It is a system where only one political party controls the government.

Advantages of single party system:

-The leadership is respected.

-There are less conflicts.

-It is easy to take decisions.

-There is less rigging of elections.

-There are few election petitions.

-It is easy to conduct elections.

Disadvantages of single party system:

–It encourages dictatorship.

-New ideas are not accepted.

-There is less accountability.

-Human rights abuse is common

way in which education was important during the struggle for independence in Africa.

-Education helped people to form political parties.

-Africans learnt English and French to ease communication.

– Africans were able to write newspapers which mobilized people.

– Africans gained confidence to discuss with colonialists.

– They became responsible and respectable.

How did the second World War help Africans to fight for independence.

– Africans acquired the skills of fighting.

– Africans came to know that whites can be defeated.

people who attended the pan-African conference of 1945 in Manchester in England.

– Kwame Nkrumah of Ghana.

– Jomo Kenyatta of Kenya

– Kamuzu Banda of Malawi

-Peter Abrahams of South Africa.

What were the recommendations of the 1945 Pan-African Conference in Manchester in England.

– Africans were to start political parties.

– They were to form trade unions.

– To form cooperative societies.

Important Africans who struggled for independence

Kwame Nkrumah

-He was a pan-Africanist.

-He formed the convention peoples part which led Ghana to independence in 1957.

-He was the first Prime Minister of Ghana.

-He was one of the founder members of OAU.

-He hosted the 1958 Pan-African Conference in Accra.

-He built Akasombo Dam.

Julius Nyerere

-He formed TANU which led Tanganyika to independence.

-He was the first Prime Minister of Tanganyika.

-He agreed with Abed Karume and united Zanzibar and Tanganyika to form Tanzania in 1964.

-He was one of the founders of OAU.

-He was one of the founders of the East African community in 1967.

Jomo Kenyatta

-He led Kenya to independence.

-He was a leader of KANU.

-He was a political leader of MAU MAU rebellion.

-He was one of the founders of OAU.

-He was one of the founders of the East African community.

Dr. Benjamin Nnamdi Azikiwe of Nigeria

-He led Nigeria to independence.

-He formed a political part called National Council of Nigerian Citizens.

-He formed a newspaper called The West African pilot.

Patrice Lumumba of DRC

-He was the first Prime Minister of DRC (Zaire)

-He led Zaire to independence.

-He formed the Movement National Congolese.

Colonel Gamel Abdel Nasser

-He was the first president of Egypt.

-He attended the Pan-African conference in 1958 in Ghana.

-He helped to build Aswan High Dam.

-He put the Suez Canal under the control of Egyptian government.

-He overthrew King Farouk.

Tom Mboya

-He was the General Secretary of Kenya African National Union.

-He helped to form KANU.

-He represented Nairobi to the LEGCO.

-He fought for the release of political prisoners.

Emperor Haile Selassie

-He helped to fight the Italians who attempted to colonise Ethiopia.

-He was the first chairman of OAU in 1963.

-He formed a new constitution for Ethiopia.

-He improved social services in Ethiopia.

Kenneth Kaunda of Zambia

-He was the first president of Zambia.

-He formed Zambia African National Congress which later became The United Zambia Independence

Party.

-He was one of the founders of OAU.

Dr Apollo Milton Obote

-He formed UPC which led Uganda to independence.

-He was the first executive prime minister of Uganda.

-He was one of the founders of OAU in 1963.

-He formed East African Community.

Nelson Mandela (South Africa)

-He opposed the apartheid policy in South Africa.
-He was the first black president of South Africa.

-He was imprisoned for 27 years.

-He won the first multi racial election in South Africa.

Benedicto Kiwanuka

-He was the first prime minister of Uganda.

-He was the first chief minister of Uganda.

-He was the first chief justice of Uganda.

-He was the leader of Democratic party.

Ignatius Kangave Musaazi

-He formed the first political party in Uganda (Uganda National Congress (UNC)

-He formed the Uganda Africa Farmers Union to fight for the rights of the Africa farmers.

How did UNC fight for Uganda’s independence?

-It United Ugandans to demand for independence.

-It demanded more seats for Africans in the Legislative council.

Why did Musaazi form the Uganda African farmers Union?

-To demand for high prices for cotton.

-He wanted Africans to process their cotton.

-He wanted farmers to have freedom of exporting their cotton.

Kamya

Which organization was formed by Kamya to demand the rights to farmers?

Uganda Farmers Union.

Why did Kamya form the Uganda Farmers Union in 1945.

-To demand for high prices for cotton.

-He wanted Africans to process their cotton.

-He wanted farmers to have freedom of exporting their cotton.

Yusuf Lule

-He was once a president of Uganda.

-He was the first chairman of NRM.

George William Kakoma

He composed the Uganda National Anthem.

Lukongwa Binaisa

-He was once a president of Uganda.

-He wrote a constitution of Uganda in 1967.