VINYUME (Opposites)

Vinyume ni maneno, kauli, tendo ama uamuzi unaopinga mambo yaliyokuwa awali ama yanayotarajiwa kuwa. (Opposites are words, statements, actions, or decisions that oppose or appear in the other direction with the mentioned words above as there result.)

Vinyume hupatikana kwa njia mbalimbali. (Opposites are found in different forms).

Baadhi ya maneno haya huundwa kwa kubadilisha baadhi ya herufi za mwisho wa vitenzi.  . (Some of these wards are formed by changing the last letters of the verbs). Kama vile:

• Kuongezea “…ua” “…ia”, “…oa” kwa kitenzi. (By adding …ua,   …ia,  …oa to the

verb as below)

Kitenzi (verb)                                               kinyume (opposite)

Funga (close/tie)                                           fungua (open/untie)

Pachika (insert)                                             pachua (remove)

Fumba (hide the meaning)                            fumbua (disclose the meaning)

Ziba (seal/block)                                           fumbua (unseal/unblock)

Panga (organise)                                           pangua (disoganise)

Pamba (decorrect)                                         pambua (undecorated)

Paka (paint)                                                   pakua (unpaint)

Bandika (seal)                                              bandua (unseal)

Anika (spread something under sunshine)  anua (remove something from sunshine)

Chopeka (put)                                               chopoa (remove)

Vaa (dress up)                                              svua (undress)

Tia (place)                                                    toa (remove)

Nukia (scent)                                                nuka (smell)

Komea (lock)                                               komoa (unlock)

Ficha (hide)                                                  fichua (disclose)

Fuma (piece)                                                 fumua (unpiece)

Funika (cover)                                                funua (uncover)

Tatiza (impossible)                                        tatua (possible)

Shona (mend)                                                 fumua (remove threads from a cloth)

Umba (create)                                                umbua (uncreate)

Bana (stress)                                                  banua (unstress)

Pakia (load)                                                   pakua (unload)

Tega (trup)                                                    tegua (free)

Tanda (spread)                                             tandua (unspread)

Fuka (let smook out)                                   fukiza (let smook in)

Fukia (cover with soil)                                fukua (uncover)

• Baadhi ya vinyume huwa vya moja kwa moja. (some of the opposites are direct as below)

Neno (word)                                          kinyume (Opposite)

Rafiki (friend)                                       adui (enemy)

Elea (float)                                             zama (sink)

Karibu (near)                                         mbali (far)

Penda (love)                                          chukia (hate)

Kubwa (big)                                          ndogo (small)

Refu (long/tall)                                     fupi (short)

Usiku (night)                                         muchana (day)

Mwanzo (begiging)                              mwisho (end)

Furaha (happiness)                                huzuni (sorrow)

Laana (curse)                                        Baraka (blessing)

Asi (oppose)                                         patina (agree)

Cheka lough)                                         lia (cry)

Nenepa (fatten)                                    konda (slim)

Tele (much)                                          chache (few)

Ndani (inside)                                      nje (outside)

Chafu (dirty)                                        nadhifu (clean)

Vita (war)                                            amani (peace)

Njaa (hanger)                                       shibe (satisfaction)

Dume (male for animals)                     jike (female for animals)

Panda (climb)                                  shuka (slop)

Juu (up)                                            chini (down)

Mama (mother)                                baba (father)

Shangazi (aunt)                                mjomba (uncle)

Kaka (brother)                                 dada (sister)

Mfalme (king)                                  malkia (queen)

Njoo/ kuja (come)                             enda (go)

Kaa (sit)                                                        inuka (standup)

Lala (sleep)                                       amka (wakeup)

Kuume/ kulia (right)                         kuukeni/kushoto (left)

Tamu (sweet)                                   chachu (sower)

Panda (plant)                                    vuna (harvest)

Huko/kule (there)                              huku (here)

Mke (wife)                                        mume (husband)

Kike (female for people)                   kiume (male for people)

Moto (hot)                                         baridi (cold)

Masika (summer)                              kipupwe (winter)

Swali (question)                                jibu (aswer)

Zamani/tangu (long ago)                   sasa (now/ currently)

Uza (sell)                                           nunua (buy)

Banati (female youth)                       ghulamu (male youth)

Pakadume (male cat)                         pakajike (female cat)

Fahali/nzao (bull)                              mtamba/Dachia (cow)

Jogoo (cock)                                      koo (hen)

Pora (a young cock)                          Tembe (young hen)

Sentensi

Andika sentensi zifuatazo upya kwa kuandika vinyume vya maneno yaliyopigiwa misitari. (Re-write the following sentences by writing the opposites of the underlined wards).

Sentensi                                                                  jibu (answer)

1. Baba yangu alianika nguo jana. Baba yangu alianua nguo jana.

(My father spread the clothes on sunshine)        (My father removed the clothes fom Sunshine)

2. Sisi tulipanga vitabu maktabani. Sisi tulipangua vitabu maktabani.

(We arranged the books in the library)                         (We disorganized the books in the library)

3. Mwanafunzi alivaa viatu juzi. Mwanafunzi alivua viatu juzi.

(The sudent put on shoes recently)                             (The student undressed the shoes                                                                               recently)

4. Mwanafunzi alitega                         Mwalimu alitegua kitendawili.

(The teacher paused a riddle)                                   (The teacher answered the riddle).

5. Msasi alitega Msasi alitegua mnyama.

(The hunter untrupped the animal)                          (The hunter untrapped the animal).

6. Wageni walipakia gari juzi. Wageni walipakua gari juzi

(The visitors loaded the vehicle recently)                (The visitors off loaded the vehicle                                                                               recently).

Zoezi

Jaza kila pengo lililo hapa chini na kinyume cha neno lililo katika mabano. (Fill every blank space below with the opposite of the word in brackets).

1. Sijui nani ata…… fumbo nililowawekea jana (fumba). (I do not know who will give the answer to the puzzle i put to you yesterday).
2. Baba yangu ali……… siri yetu (ficha). (My father …..the secret)
3. Niliwategea kitendawili wiki iliopita mpaka leo hakuna ambaye ameli……. (tega). I put a riddle to you last week upto now nobady has given the answer.
4. Wageni …. gari juzi. (pakua). The visitors offloaded the vehicle recently).
5. Chakula hiki kitaharibika ukiki……. (funika)
6. Mwalimu ali…… saa kumi jioni (lala)
7. Wata…… sokoni kesho kutwa. (toka)
8. Mfanyabiashara ali………….. kitabu. (nunua)
9. Mtoto ali……. jana. (lia)
10. Alipata …….. baba yake alipofariki (furaha)